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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408160

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural es la complicación más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia, un hallazgo común en el período posparto. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en las pacientes obstétricas programadas para cesárea electiva con anestesia espinal y su relación con la deambulación precoz. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en una serie de casos (50), todas las pacientes propuestas para cesárea electiva bajo el método anestésico espinal subaracnoideo con trocar calibre 25 en el período comprendido entre mayo a diciembre del 2018. Resultados: De un total de 50 pacientes estudiadas con edades entre 18 y 35 años de edad, al 96 por ciento se le realizó punción única de la duramadre, en todas se utilizó trócar 25, atraumático y ninguna presentó cefalea pospunción dural. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural puede disminuir cuando se utilizan agujas espinales atraumáticas, de pequeño calibre; lo cual facilita también la deambulación temprana de la paciente(AU)


Introduction: Postdural puncture headache is the most common complication following neuraxial anesthesia, and is especially common in obstetrics, a common finding in the postpartum period. It is usually a benign and self-limited complication, but if not treated, it can lead to further serious complications. Objective: To describe the incidence of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients scheduled for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and its relationship with early ambulation. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a case series (50) of patients proposed for elective cesarean section under the subarachnoid spinal anesthesia method with 25-gauge trocar in the period from May to December 2018. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients aged 18-35 years who participated in the study, 96 percent underwent single dura mater puncture. In all cases, a 25-gauge trocar was used and none presented postdural puncture headache. Conclusions: The incidence of postdural puncture headache may be concluded to decrease when atraumatic spinal needles of small caliber are used, which also facilitates early ambulation of the patient(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section/methods , Early Ambulation/methods , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/complications , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/epidemiology
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(3): 305-310, Mar.-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843401

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but serious complication after spinal anesthesia. It is often related to the presence of predisposing factors, such as pregnancy, puerperium, oral contraceptive use, and malignancies. Headache is the most common symptom. We describe a case of a patient who underwent spinal anesthesia and had postoperative headache complicated with CVT. Case report Male patient, 30 years old, ASA 1, who underwent uneventful arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia. Forty-eight hours after the procedure, the patient showed frontal, orthostatic headache that improved when positioned supine. Diagnosis of sinusitis was made in the general emergency room, and he received symptomatic medication. In subsequent days, the headache worsened with holocranial location and with little improvement in the supine position. The patient presented with left hemiplegia followed by tonic-clonic seizures. He underwent magnetic resonance venography; diagnosed with CVT. Analysis of procoagulant factors identified the presence of lupus anticoagulant antibody. The patient received anticonvulsants and anticoagulants and was discharged on the eighth day without sequelae. Discussion Any patient presenting with postural headache after spinal anesthesia, which intensifies after a plateau, loses its orthostatic characteristic or become too long, should undergo imaging tests to rule out more serious complications, such as CVT. The loss of cerebrospinal fluid leads to dilation and venous stasis that, coupled with the traction caused by the upright position, can lead to CVT in some patients with prothrombotic conditions.


Resumo Introdução: A trombose venosa cerebral (TVC) é uma complicação rara, mas grave, após raquianestesia. Está frequentemente relacionada com a presença de fatores predisponentes, como gestação, puerpério, uso de contraceptivos orais e doenças malignas. O sintoma mais frequente é a cefaleia. Descrevemos um caso de um paciente submetido à raquianestesia que apresentou cefaleia no período pós-operatório complicada com TVC. Relato de caso: Paciente de 30 anos, ASA 1, submetido à cirurgia de artroscopia de joelho sob raquianestesia, sem intercorrências. Quarenta e oito horas após o procedimento apresentou cefaleia frontal, ortostática, que melhorava com o decúbito. Foi feito diagnóstico de sinusite em pronto socorro geral e recebeu medicação sintomática. Nos dias subsequentes teve pioria da cefaleia, que passou a ter localização holocraniana e mais intensa e com pequena melhora com o decúbito dorsal. Evoluiu com hemiplegia esquerda seguida de convulsões tônico-clônicas generalizadas. Foi submetido à ressonância magnética com venografia que fez o diagnóstico de TVC. A pesquisa para fatores pró-coagulantes identificou a presença de anticorpo lúpico. Recebeu como medicamentos anticonvulsivantes e anticoagulantes e teve alta hospitalar em oito dias, sem sequelas. Discussão: Qualquer paciente que apresente cefaleia postural após uma raquianestesia, e que intensifica após um platô, perca sua característica ortostática ou se torne muito prolongada, deve ser submetido a exames de imagem para excluir complicações mais sérias como a TVC. A perda de líquido cefalorraquidiano leva à dilatação e à estase venosa, que, associadas à tração provocada pela posição ereta, podem, em alguns pacientes com estados protrombóticos, levar à TVC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Intracranial Thrombosis/etiology , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/etiology , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Intracranial Thrombosis/complications , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/complications
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 25(S4): S28-S35, jan. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-761204

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento da raquianestesia vem acontecendo há pouco mais de 100 anos. Da técnica inicial, muito se mudou, com instrumentais diferenciados, fármacos com melhor perfil, refinamento da técnica, assim como indicações e contraindicações mais precisas. Hoje, grande parte das cirurgias infraumbilicais é passível de serem realizadas sob raquianestesia, provendo estabilidade clínica e excelente analgesia pós-operatória. Para alguns segmentos populacionais, como idosos e gestantes, essa técnica ganhou ainda mais importância. Contudo, apesar de ser amplamente difundida, o bloqueio subaracnóideo tem limitações de uso, trazendo consigo, como qualquer outra técnica, vantagens e desvantagens. Este trabalho de revisão visa a relatar as principais vantagens e desvantagens do bloqueio subaracnóideo, elencando seu papel em grupos especiais e abordando as mais recentes descobertas sobre essa técnica.


The development of spinal anesthesia has been underway for just over 100 years. Much has changed from the initial technique, with different instruments, drugs with better profile, technical refinement and more precise indications and contraindications. Today, much of the infra-umbilical surgeries are likely to be performed under spinal anesthesia, providing clinical stability and excellent postoperative analgesia. For some population groups such as the elderly and pregnant women, this technique gained even more importance. However, despite being widespread, the spinal block has limitations of use, bringing with it like any other technique, advantages and disadvantages. This review paper aims at reporting the main advantages and disadvantages of spinal block, listing its role in special groups and addressing the latest discoveries about this technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Aged , Spinal Puncture , Subdural Space , Analgesia , Anesthesia, Spinal , Pain, Postoperative , Aged , Pregnant Women , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/complications , Hypotension , Anesthesia, Local
4.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 38(2): 256-268, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-642068

ABSTRACT

La punción lumbar o dural (PL), consiste en pasar una aguja a través de la duramadre hasta el espacio subaracnoideo, el cual está lleno de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). Siempre que la dura madre o la aracnoides sean puncionadas, los pacientes están en riesgo de desarrollar cefalea pospunción dural. El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una puesta al día sobre las causas, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la cefalea pospunción dural. La cefalea pospunción dural (CPPD) se comporta como un dolor de cabeza bilateral que se desarrolla dentro de los 5 días posteriores a la realización de PL y desaparece en una semana...


The lumbar puncture (LP) or dural puncture consist of to pass a needle through the dura mater until the subarachnoid space, which is full of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Whenever the dura mater or the arachnoid be punctured, the patients are in risk of to develop headache post dural puncture (HPDP). The aim of present study was to update on the causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this type of puncture. The HPDP behaves likes a bilateral headache developed at 5 days post lumbar puncture and disappear at a week...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/complications , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/physiopathology , Post-Dural Puncture Headache/drug therapy , Blood Patch, Epidural/methods , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects , Spinal Puncture/methods , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects
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